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Latin America and China Under Global Neoliberalism

Alex E. Fernández Jilberto is senior lecturer in International Relations at the University of Amsterdam. He has published various articles and books on the political economy of Latin America and developing countries in general. His most recent publications include the co-edited volumes Big Business and Economic Development: Conglomerates and Economic Groups in Developing Countries and Transition Economies (with Barbara Hogenboom, Routledge, 2007), Latin American Conglomerates and Economic Groups under Globalization (with Barbara Hogenboom, a special double issue of the Journal of Developing Societies, 20(3–4), 2004), Good Governance in the Era of Global Neoliberalism: Conflict and depolitisation in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa (with Jolle Demmers and Barbara Hogenboom, Routledge, 2004), Labour Relations in Development (with Marieke Riethof, Routledge, 2002), Miraculous Metamorphoses: The Neoliberalization of Latin American Populism (with Jolle Demmers and Barbara Hogenboom, Zed Books, 2001), Regionalization and Globalization in the Modern World Economy: Perspectives on the Third World and Transitional Economies (with André Mommen, Routledge, 1998). Address: Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, O.Z. Achterburgwal 237, 1012 DL Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email: fernandezjilberto{at}pscw.uva.nl]

Barbara Hogenboom

Barbara Hogenboom is lecturer in Political Science at the Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA) in Amsterdam. She writes on transnational politics, globalization processes, and political and economic development in Mexico and Latin America. Among her recent publications are various co-edited volumes, including Big Business and Economic Development: Conglomerates and Economic Groups in Developing Countries and Transition Economies (with Alex E. Fernández Jilberto, Routledge, 2007), Latin American Conglomerates and Economic Groups under Globalization (with Alex E. Fernández Jilberto, a special double issue of the Journal of Developing Societies, 20( 3–4), 2004), Good Governance in the Era of Global Neoliberalism: Conflict and depolitisation in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa (with Jolle Demmers and Alex E. Fernández Jilberto, Routledge, 2004), Miraculous Metamorphoses: The Neoliberalization of Latin American Populism (with Jolle Demmers and Alex E. Fernández Jilberto, Zed Books, 2001) Fernández Jilberto and Hogenboom: Latin America and China 501 and the monograph Mexico and the NAFTA Environment Debate: The Transnational Politics of Economic Integration (International Books, 1998). Address: Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation, Keizersgracht 395–397, 1016 EK Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email: b.b.hogenboom{at}cedla.nl]

While China and Latin America simultaneously implemented neoliberal policies as part of a profound economic restructuring process, there are important differences in the results of their policies and economic performance. This article discusses the different development paths of Latin America and China, including their starting points, economic policies and political processes. China's expansion and Latin America's liberalization have brought the two in much closer contact. Several Latin American countries are now important providers of commodities (for example, minerals, energy and soy) that China needs to keep up with the rising levels of production and consumption. As a result China is also starting to invest in these products. Some other Latin American countries have lost rather than gained from the rise of China, especially the countries that sought economic integration in the world market through the growth of maquiladoras (assembly factories for export to the United States). However, their attempts to slow down China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) did not succeed.The article discusses the causes, effects and prospects of these different experiences with China's global expansion.

Key Words: Latin America • China • trade • foreign direct investment • South-South relations

Journal of Developing Societies, Vol. 23, No. 4, 467-501 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0169796X0702300404


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